Home Daily Commentaries NZD goes from bottom to top spot despite no fresh incoming news.

NZD goes from bottom to top spot despite no fresh incoming news.

Daily Currency Update

Last Friday, a sharp reversal higher in the AUD/USD cross rate took the pair back to the mid-1.07’s and left the NZD as the worst performer on the day even as the locals had gone home and were already starting the weekend. On Monday, it reversed a little of Friday’s cross action and held generally firm against a strengthening USD to take NZD/USD back on to a 73 cents ‘big figure’. This pushed the Kiwi in to top spot on our one-day FX leader board; a move which neatly sums up the frustrations of foreign exchange markets recently – from bottom to top in two consecutive trading days with a total absence of fresh incoming information to drive the price.

As local news media are consumed both with the widely-reported Australian TV interview with Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and suggestions for what former US President Barack Obama should do on his forthcoming trip to New Zealand, the week’s economic calendar barely registers any interest at all. On Wednesday we have the ANZ Business survey, either side of which we have the international travel and migration statistics and the visitor arrivals figures. These will be a stark reminder of the importance of tourism to the NZ economy, which is now New Zealand's largest export earner, overtaking dairy in 2015/16. International tourism expenditure reached $14.5 billion in the year-ended March 2017 and it is estimated that international visitors are delivering $40 million in foreign exchange to the New Zealand economy each day of the year – one in five export dollars.


Before all the tourism and visitor numbers, Tuesday brings January’s trade balance data. After a -$640mn deficit in December, consensus looks for a modest improvement on the month with a deficit between $100-200m. Local specialists BNZ are looking for strong growth in both imports and exports (up 12% and 13% respectively y/y) but a bigger overall deficit of $214mn. The New Zealand Dollar opens in Asia this morning at USD0.7310 and AUD/NZD1.0735.

Key Movers

Given the volatility elsewhere in the FX majors on Monday – most notably the GBP and EUR – the Australian Dollar had a relatively quiet day. From an opening level in Sydney around USD0.7840 and as the USD sold-off after the rally in stock index futures, the AUD moved up to a best level during the European morning of 0.7885; its highest since last Tuesday. It then spent the rest of the day giving back these gains, even as equity markets stayed well-bid and the VIX index eased back around half a point to a 3-week low of just 16.2.



There is still no general consensus on Australian interest rates from the ‘Big Four’ banks locally. Westpac see no change in RBA rates until at least the end of 2019, CBA look for unchanged rates until the end of this year, whilst NAB are still calling for two hikes in H2 2018. The GDP figures for Q4 are released next week and the task for analysts until then is to keep one eye on incoming information which shows the progress of the economy in Q1, and the other on the so-called ‘partial data’ for the end of last year which feed directly into the GDP number. Thus, on Wednesday and Thursday, we get the official and private sector PMI survey numbers which will be watched closely for any signs of slowdown; albeit against a backdrop of continued global strength whilst Thursday brings the two Australian manufacturing PMI surveys and the Q4 Private Capital Expenditure numbers.



After the resignation of Barnaby Joyce as the leader of the rural-based National Party, Michael McCormack was chosen in a party-room ballot to replace him. Under the terms of the coalition deal with Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s centre-right Liberal Party, the leader of the Nationals automatically becomes deputy prime minister. “Our enduring and successful political partnership will continue under Michael’s leadership of the National Party,” Turnbull said in an emailed statement. The Australian Dollar opens in Asia this morning at USD0.7845, with AUD/NZD at 1.0735 and GBP/AUD1.7795.


The GBP had a classic day of two halves on Monday: the strongest of all the majors in the local morning and almost the weakest of all in the afternoon (apart from the CAD) which left the pound in second from bottom place on our one-day performance table. The focus in the early part of the day had been on former MPC ‘dove’ Dave Ramsden’s apparent conversion to the hawkish side of the interest rate debate, whilst Brexit concerns returned to undermine the currency after a speech from Opposition Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn.


We discussed the interest rate issue here yesterday so don’t need to revisit that now. The weekend Press had widely trailed an important Brexit policy speech from Labour leader Corbyn which would, it was said, support UK membership of a Customs Union with the EU and thereby offer a new way forward in the Brexit negotiations. It didn’t quite work out that way. His speech said, “Labour would negotiate a new and strong relationship with the single market that includes full tariff-free access and a floor under existing rights, standards and protections… In our transport networks, our energy markets and our digital infrastructure, too often Britain lags behind. So we would also seek to negotiate protections, clarifications or exemptions where necessary in relation to privatisation and public service competition directives state aid and procurement rules and the posted workers directive.”

It is hard to see how this speech is anything other than the cherry-picking approach which European Council President Donald Tusk has already warned would be “totally unacceptable”. Thus, we have a situation whereby the Opposition leader is outlining a policy which many people might prefer (thus raising the prospect of a Labour Government) but which would not be compatible with existing EU rules. In other words, it could end up for the GBP being the worst of all worlds – continued confusion around Brexit but more talk of a general election which could well result in defeat for the incumbent Conservatives and their coalition partners the DUP. The pound opens in Asia after a very turbulent day at USD1.3960, GBP/AUD1.7795 and GBP/NZD1.9110.


Just as the inverse relationship between stock markets and the US Dollar seemed to be re-established during the Asian and European time zones on Monday, so it fell apart again during North American hours as the EUR, EUR and CAD all came under separate local pressures. Thus, the USD index against a basket of major currencies fell from 89.60 to a low of 89.15 as stock index futures rallied almost 200 points but then regained all its losses as the stock marked added a further 100 points.

A very busy week for US economic data got off to a mixed start. After a 9.3% plunge in December, it had been expected that new home sales would rebound around 3.5% in January. Instead, they tumbled a further 7.8% m/m for the biggest two-month drop since August 2013 whilst the median price dropped from $336,700 to $323,000 - the lowest since October last year. Elsewhere, however, the Dallas Fed business survey surged to 37.2; its highest level since 2005, probably on the back of higher oil prices which are so important for the regional economy in Texas. The indices of future general business activity and future company outlook slipped to 40.6 and 34.5, respectively, but both stayed well above their average readings. Most other indexes for future manufacturing activity also fell but remained highly positive.

As well as Jerome Powell’s semi-annual monetary policy testimony, Tuesday brings wholesale inventories, the advanced goods trade balance, durable goods, and consumer confidence; the first three of which will all feed directly into the Atlanta Fed’s GDPNow model. There’s scope for plenty of volatility around each of the data prints, though the tone and content of Mr Powell’s remarks will be key ahead of the March 22nd FOMC meeting. The USD index opens this morning in Asia having closed at 89.55.


From an opening level in Asia around USD1.2295, the EUR climbed all the way up to 1.2350 by late morning in Europe as US equity index futures registered strong early gains. Most of the gains were reversed in the afternoon session, however, as ECB President Draghi’s testimony to the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament was viewed as being on the dovish side of expectations.


Mr. Draghi’s prepared remarks said, “Looking ahead, we anticipate that headline inflation will resume its gradual upward adjustment, supported by our monetary policy measures. At the same time, uncertainties continue to prevail. In particular, the recent volatility in financial markets, notably also in the exchange rate, deserves close monitoring with regard to its possible implications for the medium-term outlook for price stability… Therefore, while the strong momentum of the euro area economy has clearly strengthened our confidence in the inflation outlook, patience and persistence with regard to monetary policy is still needed for inflation to sustainably return to levels of below, but close to, 2%. In fact, the evolution of inflation remains crucially conditional on an ample degree of monetary stimulus provided by the full set of our monetary policy measures: our net asset purchases, the sizeable stock of acquired assets and the forthcoming reinvestments, and our forward guidance on policy interest rates.”

Mr. Draghi has often shown himself to be a master of market expectations. His comments come a little more than a week before the Governing Council meets in Frankfurt, and with some officials pushing for a change in their policy language to take the central bank closer to ending bond-buying, he might well be actively trying to push the EUR lower ahead of that meeting. The EUR opens in Asia this morning at USD1.2305, AUD/EUR0.6375 and NZD/EUR0.5935.


Ahead of today’s Federal Budget, the Canadian Dollar had a poor day on Monday, the worst performer of all the major currencies we follow closely here. USD/CAD had fallen to a low around 1.2620 during the Asian session but then turned higher and rose almost a full cent to a day’s high of 1.2705 before settling in the high 1.26’s.




As Bloomberg points out, since defeating former Prime Minister Stephen Harper in 2015, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has taken what was a structural balance under the Conservatives to a small structural deficit. A federal budget operating surplus of about 1 percent of GDP has been brought to a level just above zero. Which means revenues right now just about match expenses, and Canada’s deficit essentially represents borrowing to pay interest on its debt. There’s not much wrong with these metrics but it is not exactly the foundation of something ambitious. In fact, if all goes as planned, Canada’s fiscal picture in about five years’ time will be pretty much the same as Harper’s last Conservative budget; a situation Bloomberg say “could be a problem if Trudeau has any intentions of seeking re-election on an ambitious second-term agenda”.

With the seventh round of talks on NAFTA renegotiation underway in Mexico City, optimists note that an eighth round is already planned in Washington next month. But, with a general election in Mexico on July 1st and the US midterm elections in November, there is a growing sense of urgency for Canada to achieve some progress now. The Canadian Dollar opens in Asia this morning at USD/CAD1.2685, AUD/CAD0.9955 and GBP/CAD1.7710.

Expected Ranges

  • NZD/AUD: 0.9235 - 0.9330 ▼
  • GBP/NZD: 1.9000 - 1.9130 ▼
  • NZD/USD: 0.7150 - 0.7250 ▼
  • NZD/EUR: 0.5850 - 0.5970 ▼
  • NZD/CAD: 0.9205 - 0.9290 ▲