CAD still soft on crosses. AUD/CAD within half a cent of parity.
Daily Currency Update
There’s been lots to digest in the last few weeks for the Canadian Dollar, not least because world’s second and fourth largest countries by area are facing huge uncertainty over the future of the Free Trade Agreement which has been in place for almost thirty years. With the USD on a weaker trajectory and a huge increase in stock market volatility, the CAD has not been unscathed. Over the past week it ended on net firmer against the US Dollar around 1.2550 but weaker against all the other FX majors with AUD/CAD, for example, up a full cent to 0.9930 and now just 60 pips away from parity.We covered here on Friday the very interesting speech from Bank of Canada Deputy Governor Lawrence Schembri in which he reviewed the success of Canada’s inflation targeting monetary policy regime. In response to audience questions afterwards, he went on to say that Bank of Canada’s cautious approach to further rate hikes does not mean rates will stay low forever, as policymakers also have to weigh inflationary pressures. “There’s a balance between the two - being cautious and recognizing that there’s important uncertainties facing the Canadian economy, but at the same time recognizing and monitoring inflationary pressures and how they develop.”
The Bank of Canada has raised rates three times since July 2017 and has said less monetary policy stimulus is likely going to be required over time, but maintains it will be cautious and watch incoming data as it considers more hikes. The next BoC monetary policy meeting is on March 8th; two days after the RBA and the same day as the ECB and though money markets are indicating around a 70% probability of another hike by May, it is not expected to come before then. This week brings official data on retail sales on Thursday then on Friday it’s earning, hours worked and the CPI numbers. Before then, wholesale trade numbers are out Tuesday but its otherwise a very quiet start to the week. The Canadian Dollar opens in North America at USD/CAD1.2550, AUD/CAD0.9945 and GBP/CAD1.7595.
Key Movers
The US Dollar index against a basket of currencies last week fell below 88 for the first time in a little over 3-years. The fall came as equity markets enjoyed their biggest one-week gain since December 2011 and despite the yield on US 10-year Treasury bonds hitting a 4-year high of 2.91%. Analysts have been falling over themselves to advance new reasons for the USD decline, in some cases citing the very factors which caused them to be bullish in early 2017. Thus, the strength of the US economy we are now told is a bad thing because it will suck in imports whilst the rise in bond yields is due to deficit-financing which will leave the US at the mercy of foreign investors. Never underestimate the ability of analysts to fit a narrative around the prevailing price action!With stock markets still recovering – futures markets are this morning indicating another 80-point gain for the DJIA - a 25bp rate hike at the March FOMC meeting is now priced with greater certainty than at any point this year. Three weeks ago, with the stock market at a record high, the market-derived probability of a hike was 76%. Today, it is at 83%. Indeed, Fed funds futures put the probability of the Fed raising rates four times this year at 25 percent versus just 17 percent immediately before the US CPI release. None of this helped the US Dollar last week, however, and though Friday saw a half-point gain for the USD index, sentiment and price action remain very negative.
Today is the third Monday in February so US markets are closed for the President’s Day holiday. Originally established in 1885 in recognition of President George Washington and celebrated on February 22, the holiday was moved in the 1971 Uniform Monday Holiday Act; an attempt to create more three-day weekends for workers. The highlight of the working week will probably be Wednesday’s release of the Minutes of the January 31st FOMC; just two days before the 666-point drop for the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the subsequent surge in market volatility. It is otherwise a pretty quiet week for economic statistics. Existing home sales and Markit’s version of the PMI survey are out on Wednesday and there are a few Fed speakers scheduled but no top-tier data. The USD index opens in North America today around 88.75 having been as low as 87.95 on Friday morning.
The euro had a good week, ending with EUR/USD almost 2 cents above Monday’s opening level. With German politics fading as a concern for investors and sentiment towards the USD uniformly negative, incoming economic data in the Eurozone continued to support the Single Currency, albeit there was no standout positive surprise. In a quiet Monday morning with Chinese investors still away for the Lunar New Year celebrations and US markets closed for the holiday, EUR/USD has traded in a relatively tight range from 1.2390 to 1.2435.
Eurozone finance ministers will discuss Athens’ progress when they gather for a Eurogroup meeting in Brussels this afternoon. Greece got a boost on Friday night, when rating agency Fitch raised its credit rating from B- to B, with a positive outlook saying, “Fitch believes that general government debt sustainability will improve, underpinned by sustained GDP growth, reduced political risks, a record of general government primary surpluses and additional fiscal measures legislated to take effect through 2020”. In economic news this morning, Eurozone construction output rose a seasonally adjusted 0.1% m/m in December, following a 0.2% gain in November, which was revised down from a 0.5% rise reported earlier. Building activity advanced 0.5% m/m in December, while civil engineering activity declined by 1.1%. The average growth in construction for the year 2017, compared with 2016, was 2.4% in the euro area and by 3.5% in the EU28.
After today’s very slow start, Tuesday brings Germany’s ZEW Survey of professional forecasters and the so-called ‘flash PMI’s’ are published on Wednesday. Markets have hitherto never been bothered with Minutes of the ECB Council Meetings but it was the last set of Minutes published on January 11th which dropped the bombshell about the need to change the language around monetary policy. EUR/USD was trading down at 1.1950 at the time and it was this – rather than anything Mr. Mnuchin said at Davos – which really sent the euro soaring. The Minutes will be very closely watched this time around on Thursday ahead of Friday’s Eurozone CPI numbers. The EUR opens in North America this morning at USD1.2420 and EUR/CAD1.5580.
In a generally slow start to the week in Asia and Europe, the GBP is bottom of our one-day performance table, albeit there is not a great deal of absolute movement. GBP/USD, for example is just 10 pips lower whilst GBP/EUR is only 15 pips down from Friday’s close. It only takes one positive comment or piece of incoming data to completely shake up the table from here.
With the balance of incoming economic data generally soft – especially in those areas linked to the housing market, consumer confidence and expenditure - the GBP continues to be buffeted by alternating hopes and fears around Brexit negotiations. There are only a little over 4 weeks to a key European Council Summit on March 22-23, and UK Cabinet members are currently embarked on a series of speeches which are designed to put a little more flesh on the bare bones of its negotiating position. Last Wednesday it was the turn of Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson and on Saturday the Prime Minister gave a speech in Munich about Britain and European security policy. On Sunday, in an interview for the BBC's Andrew Marr Show, Guy Verhofstadt, the EU parliament's Brexit chief, said that Britain cannot cherry pick the areas where it wants to make bespoke deals, and that any deal should ensure there "should be no competitive advantage for either the UK or EU. What will be in that part of the agreement, we will see. Passporting will not be there, you have to be part of the Single Market," he said.
For the week ahead in markets, the focus will be on the major UK banks which all report annual profit numbers. In economics, Wednesday brings the latest unemployment and average earnings figures and, just as in Australia, currency investors will be watching closely for any sign of pick-up in wage growth. Futures markets are currently reflecting a 70% probability of a 25bp hike at the May MPC meeting. 32 of 57 analysts polled by Reuters last week said the BoE would raise its Bank Rate to 0.75 percent in May, up from only 13 of 71 economists in a similar survey in January. The British Pound opens in North America at USD1.4025, GBP/EUR1.1295 and GBP/CAD1.7595.
With stock markets enjoying their biggest weekly gain since December 2011, volatility lower and gold up more than $30 from its recent low, many of the conditions were in place for a rally in the AUD last week. As the US Dollar hit a fresh 3-year low against a basket of major currencies, AUD/USD ended the week more than a cent higher at 0.7910, having at one point on Friday morning reached a 2-week best of 0.7985. The overnight session in Asia and Europe has been pretty quiet with Chinese markets closed for the Lunar New year holidays. Locally in Australia, latest figures on the housing market show that in the capital cities, 1,963 properties went to auction over the weekend, up from 1,490 the previous week – and the average clearance rate increased from 63.7% to 69.1%. This has helped the AUD hold on to a US 79 cents ‘big figure’.
Last week’s Australian labour force data showed employment increased 16,000 on the month but seasonally adjusted monthly hours worked in all jobs decreased by 24.1 million hours (or 1.4%) between December 2017 and January 2018 to 1,708.2 million hours. This follows a decrease of 8.6 million hours (or 0.5%) from November to December 2017. The average number of hours worked per employee per week fell to a new record low of 31.7. Employees are on average working 2.7% fewer hours than a year ago and that will limit the boost to household incomes from rising employment. RBA Assistant Governor Luci Ellis noted that, “Australia has had especially strong employment growth over the past year - more than double the rate of growth in the working-age population… But that hasn’t translated into strong consumption growth. Household income growth has been weak for a number of years, and that has weighed on consumption growth.”
As the RBA has made very clear that it is watching wages and aggregate household incomes, then investors around the world are going to be doing exactly the same thing. On Wednesday this week, the Australian Bureau of Statistics releases its quarterly wage price index, as it has done every three months since September 1997. The last set of numbers in November showed a +0.5% q/q increase to leave the annual rate at 2.0%; well-below its long-run average around 3¼%. Consensus looks for a similar pace of growth in these Q1 numbers and the read-across to the currency from the data should be pretty straightforward: stronger numbers = stronger AUD and, of course, vice-versa. The Australian Dollar starts in North America this morning at USD0.7925, with AUD/NZD at 1.0725 and AUD/CAD0.9950.
The New Zealand Dollar on Friday touched a fresh 2018 high of USD0.7434 before slipping back to close more than a cent higher at 0.7390, which is where it opens in North America this morning. Against its Aussie cousin, the AUD/NZD cross fell to 1.0705; its weakest since August 5th. From mid-Summer until a few weeks after New Zealand’s general election in late September, AUD/NZD rose from 1.04 to 1.12 and it has now retraced more than half that rise.
The Bank of New Zealand-Business NZ’s performance of services index (PSI) was published today. It showed growth in New Zealand’s services sector eased in January and new orders fell to their lowest in 10 months. The headline index edged down to 55.8 from 56 in the previous month whilst the sub-index measuring new orders and business fell to 57.6, the first time it had slipped below 60 since April 2017. The authors of the report noted that, “While the PSI is relatively robust, combined with the Performance of Manufacturing Index it nonetheless signals something of a slowing in GDP growth for the near term.”
For the week ahead, there’s another RBNZ survey on Wednesday; this time of households rather than businesses. This survey often runs higher than the business numbers, and is calculated to only one rather than two decimal points. In the December quarter, household expectations of inflation in one year’s time rose from 2.5% to 3.0%; well above comparable survey results from businesses and professional forecasters. The New Zealand Dollar opens this morning in North America at USD0.7390 and NZD/CAD0.9270.
Expected Ranges
- USD/CAD: 1.2530 - 1.2635 ▼
- CAD/EUR: 0.6410 - 0.6455 ▼
- CAD/GBP: 0.5665 - 0.5700 ▼
- CAD/AUD: 1.0000 - 1.0110 ▼
- CAD/NZD: 1.0720 - 1.0835 ▼